HR's Role in an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

HR's Role in an Organization - Essay Example The global products are experienced the world over as Ford Motor Company has divisions for North and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia Pacific. Automotive brands are marketed under the key brands of Lincoln and Ford. Ford Credit is the company tasked with provision of financial services which include Extended Service Plan, Motorcraft, Quicklane and Quality Care. Customer service in Ford is designed to give maximum satisfaction to the customer at the various Ford dealerships. Manufacturing by the company is also carried out globally where engine plants, assembly plants and transmission plants are located. The services are in regards to Ford engineered parts, trained technicians and instant servicing shops. Environmental sustainability is a key operational process where the emphasis is on efficiency in the manufacturing process, introducing cuts on vehicle emissions and the adoption of recyclable material. The company is also focused on enabling communities in which it exists in as well as building stronger relationships (Ford Motor Co, 2011). The company is experiencing enormous financial losses as well as losses of market share to competitors and thus necessitating a comprehensive strategic plan. Competition is increasingly becoming stiffer; the skyrocketing costs backed up by unused capacity at some plants are choking the profits. The management at Ford has come up with a strategic plan labeled The Way Forward. This comprises of a plan to close down a number of plants and lay off 20,000 employees. In line with the management norms at Ford, the strategic plan is meant to balance internal strengths and weaknesses with opportunities and challenges that lie in the external environment. It is only then that the enterprise will gain competitive advantage. The management has formulated a specific HR course of action to take the company to the next level and beyond. However,

Native American Heritage Essay Example for Free

Native American Heritage Essay I have re-read this book in a relatively new edition. It is a mixture of Kiowa myths, family stories, history sketches, and personal experiences. For me it evokes a sense of community unknown in modern U. S. society. It also conveys, however dimly to the modern scientific mind, a deep sense of a peoples experience of the sacred where that term is entirely outside of modern theology and is steeped in the land and the memory of a people. It one opens ones mind and emotions the book can connect in a powerful way. However, a modern can never penetrate to the full depth of Kiowa sensibility. This was harshly expressed in an art object in the IAIA in Santa Fe, New Mexico some years ago. The object included the words: Just because you stick a feather in your hat doent make you a Indian. of another edition It seems enough to alert the reader this book exists, in case anybody is tired of consumer infatuation. These 90 page wonders full of meditation and forethought. It has to be his best, meaning simplest, clearest, but it is probably anthropology too. It ought to be read before or after viewing his http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=rbqzm6 but to take it on its own it is about the alien and the unknown as feet in old age and death, that is to say that even though he calls himself Rock Tree Boy he i moreIt seems enough to alert the reader this book exists, in case anybody is tired of consumer infatuation. These 90 page wonders full of meditation and forethought. It has to be his best, meaning simplest, clearest, but it is probably anthropology too. It ought to be read before or after viewing his http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=rbqzm6 but to take it on its own it is about the alien and the unknown as feet in old age and death, that is to say that even though he calls himself Rock Tree Boy he is A Man Without Fantasy. Thats the difference between being a bear and wearing a Jordan t-shirt with Hanes underwear. Nobody is Jordaned or Meadow Lark Lemoned from a laying on of their hands, but bear will move you. Dress in any of these masks or be naked as yourself as He Who Wears Only His Name. Either you stand naked in The Name or you hide in a mask. Groups function as masks to prevent nakedness, as if there were something other than The Name to stand in, but for the human there isnt. It might be the landscape and the racial memory of landscape that my parents and grandparents knew (Schubnell, Conversations, 46). I feel deeply about the landscape and I mean that literally. I think it is important for a person to come to terms with landscape. I think thats important; it is a means to knowing oneself (45). So it comes down to the meaning of landscape too, but this is intellectualized. The real question is, what is the meaning of wilderness? Superficial Existence in the Modern World Much of this is foreign today, Bear, landscape, even ancestry have been substituted with identities of no purpose to examine. The annihilation of the traditional in tribal societies and every assimilated subgroup is a negative. Assimilation is never good, although to say it that bald is offensive. This is also the point in that First Convocation of Indian Scholars (Ed.by Rupert Costo, 1970). In answering Hopi Charles Loloma about how to assume the traditional identity Momaday says, I think that each of us who realizes that the native traditional values are important has a great obligation to convince the young of that, who may be wavering with alternatives [of] the dominant society which is destroying the world in which it lives (9). Its really up to the older people(10) to identify the danger of superficial existence in the modern world (10). To counter superficial existence he says they have a primary obligation to tell their children and grandchildren about the traditional world, and try to show them by example and tell them explicitly that there is an option available to them, and that theyre damn fools if they dont avail themselves of it (10). Acculturation Thus acculturation is a kind of one-way process in which the Indian ceases to be an Indian and becomes white man (10). It is broader than that too, the PA German ceased to be himself and became an English-American. Acculturation to the modern translated means to steal the birth rite identity of the traditional, its language and customs and make the native a mascot of the modern. There is a continual excavation of the Caucasoid in every subgroup that assimilates, whether Pennsylvania German, Hispanic, black, Indian. The anthropologists should excavate themselves to give them something to do, since they otherwise are the inventors and stalking horse for the modern against the traditional, looking for power by stealing it. Modern here is not the pejorative it seems if the native takes his tradition into it to return what is stolen, or as Momaday says, that it is good to go into the enemys camp (12). Steal his horses! But he has stolen the children! Pull Out the Light Poles That said, it remains to learn tradition from the elder. In the face of radical destruction this takes more than effort, it takes surrender. Without surrender the traditional dies. Take your pick, you can think like Katie Couric and all the like spokespersons for the modern on Charlie Rose, or like grandfather. Momaday says it is a duty to teach the young. He addresses the elders reluctance: I wonder if you have any idea of why they shut up at a certain point like that, why they wont talk to you (15)? Charles Loloma, the Hopi, had said that when the power company installed electric poles by force the people came out and pulled the poles all back out. These people didnt want the electricity'(15). This is symbolic of the whole transmission of culture of the modern against the traditional. When the enemy enters the native camp it is called deliverance, but is really theft of the child. It is destruction of the tradition, which is obvious when white missionaries go to New Guinea but apparently not when the Internet sells social network. You have to live it, not be curious of it. Fight Against Electricity! Ben Barney, a Navajo, says he had a grandfather who taught him until the age of eight, but when he died he couldnt find a replacement. Another says, my grandfather died, and he was one of the last men in the village who knew the whole ritual cycle of songs. He died without letting me or my father, or any of us record any of it. I think he felt that this thing that he had was too precious to just give out, and have it exposed to someone whom he never knew well. And hed rather die with it than have that happen to it. It seems to me he was saying, youre not going to to live it. Youre one of these people thats fighting for the electricity. (I am not, in fact) (17). So the ticket to the traditional, the universal (! ) is that you have to live it, not be curious of it. Surrender to the traditional! If you will not surrender, and the elders have any pride, they take it to the grave in sorrow. But it is not to be studied by post docs. It is to be lived. How many young think their elders outweigh the modern? Lifeway That you have to live it goes a long way toward knowing both wilderness and identity. Living is not an intellectual function. But he was saying, youre one of these people who are fighting for this. My people never had electricity. We never lived that way. And if I give you my lifeway, if I tell you my lifeway, youre going to sit and laugh at me, because youre laughing anyhow just by your behavior (17). Only among the remnants of American tribes does anyone dare thus to challenge the modern. Other subgroups embrace it like a drug. The life way is an iPhone. The elders wont speak to this, naturally they are not going to tell you. I mean, they cant. I can see why he felt there is no way to communicate experience; the essence of it, the reality of it. I believe he was saying: I could give you words, and you could put them down, but that wouldnt mean the same thing (17). Is this reality versus the virtual? The track of a bear versus a video game? These things are important if you want to have anything left on the earth that isnt homogeneous and interchangeable. Like babies. Everything said here of the American tribes transfers to every family and subculture. 2. Momaday avoids the satiric in his work, but it is a satiric haunt like a ghost river in every meadow, grove and stream the summer nights after the predators came. Then a foam appeared at the exit pipes of plants along the upper Allegheny. It is hard enough to name Bear and Wilderness when those subsequent masks upon masks cover up naked being. Surrender. Stand up and strip, confess, then kneel! Wilderness trees, canyons, streams and things under and in them, screeches in the night, wheat, bear, porcupine are symbols to show what they are standing for, something else, life mirrors that open doors and close the way we live. Only the sun has escaped our dominion. The sun escaped the nano tales that seine the atmosphere in a net, to take earth away. How To Know and Recognize the Alien These image masks are the ultimate reality that deny we are predators or aliens. If you want to know the alien go and be one. Sit in the Mogollon. Do you belong? Find a bear. Is he your friend? People wander out all the time, light fires to be found, but the ones that arent found bone up. Coyote Wound Dresser had a talk with Walt Whitman, Wound Dresser, but things did not turn out well for Whitman. The alien cannot be modeled, but it is knowable if Unknown. Im going to tell you what it is. Talking to the Unknown we try to understand synergies of it in the anthropology of Edward Dorn http://osnapper. typepad. com/snappersj He says the alien is a crucifying self-consciousness of doubt at the root of his own being when he sees the Shoshone. Does he, Dorn, belong? His doubts serve against the Unknown. They are a mirror of loss and lack. The filth on the chair that gets on his pants is an image of it I had a great desire to be off, to not take any more, or give any morefor I will say it, at the risk of blunder: It is impossible for myself and my people to offer themselves in any but the standard senses (14). At least he knows of the surrender, that you have to live it. In some freak of Methodism he wants to wash this old mans feet to tame him, this 102 year old who stands for all of Idaho, Utah, Nevada and the Great Basin before electricity, a volume of Yaa-Aaa-Aaa (14). I was aware of the presumption of my thinking he would be relieved or made happy by having his feet washed (13). Now Here is the Alien: If you want to confront the Unknown you must to do it in the feet of your old age and death. If we want to confront the Unknown we must to do it in the feet of our old age and death. The place was intensely neglected, I gradually saw, and not just filthy as it looked to be at first glance. It was simply the remains of a life (12). The comfort of the Unknown in Dorns account is that there are two that serve each other in it, but we dont know why. One Unknown is the wife, ust like all our mothers and wives, who should have died, by the rules of our biology, thirty years ago. But it was evident that she would stay on, the weaker of the two, until he smelled the summary message in his nostrils, then she would be free (12). Is death that freedom? The alien doesnt think in known terms, but makes Dorn harbor such thoughts as, this man and woman were the most profoundly beautiful ancestors Ive witnessed go before me (12,13). He is the spirit that lies at the bottom, where we have our feet. The feet which step between the domains, the visible sign, the real evidence of the coming event where this mans low, incantatory verbs spill down across the plateau and basin (13)not more Indian than man, still as much the flower as the fruit. Wash his feet! Wash his hands, heart and head! Lay in the dust like a penitent Barry Lopez, close to the flagellate, and weep for the human lost. This Shoshones name is Willie Dorsey. We dont get his real name, Alien. I saw, the heat, the vociferous mosquitoes in the buildings shade, the slightly moist filth at the back door. Alien old age and death look like very old animals [that] have such coats over the eyes, a privacy impenetrable from the outside (11). Cataracts, the blind, the lame, the sick, the living I know treated by some Doctor of the Alien. She operates her office practically as a charity, complete with science, intuition and healing to the grim weight of bad condition, not especially outlined, more heavy with despair than one could possibly arrange with rubble (11). This is not Ed Dorn. He is a spectator. This Doctor holds the hand, cuts the hair, absorbs the breast, the tear, weeping and praying within, but praising and thanking for the chance that comes out of the wooden clapboard structures (10) of lives that they could be so treated and revived. So thats the alien, its human and knowable even if Unknown. Poetry Analysis Sherman Alexie is Spokane/Coeur dAlene Indian. Alexie wrote a poem called â€Å"The Reservation Cab Driver†. The title contributes to understand the poem and understand who the cab driver was. In this poem, Alexie uses a symbolism he also uses some metaphor, irony and imagery. By examining the life portrayal in the reservation, the poem’s casual diction, the magic appearance of Crazy Horse, I will show how Alexie’s critique of the status of Indians on the reservation. The life in the reservation was hard. When anyone wanted to get out of the reservation the only choice the reservation had was hiring the cab driver who drives a ’65 Malibu with no windshield. The description of this cab driver car is an example of Imagery taking place you can see the car all beat up with no windshield. This particular cab driver waits outside the breakaway bar. He charges his costumers a beer a mile with no exception. This cab driver is not looking for money. The other people have to get this cab to take them places especially during the powwow. Also in stanza 8 during powwow, some imagery takes place. The imagery you see is people paying him with quilts, beads and fry bread and firewood. Imagery in this section is important because you can see what’s going on. In this stanza the imagery is very clear that it seems as if you are there in person watching everything. Also in stanza 7 you see use of metaphor also irony but the cab driver did not understand Seymour because the cab driver answers â€Å"Ain’t no pony, it’s a car†. Alexie shows us how hard it is for the reservation to have to take the cab and pay in a form that you do not see in other places of America. Alexie shows us an example of two different economies. Within the same country but how life in the reservation is completely different to the rest of the life outside the reservation. The reservation has many problems like having only one cab driver who charges a beer and a cigarette a mile. Another problem â€Å"The Man to Send Rain Clouds† The theme of Leslie Marmon Silko’s The Man to Send Rain Clouds revolves around the idea of maintaining your culture in the opposition of the â€Å"religious right. † Leon is faced with strong opposition about his tribe’s rituals in regard to the burying of one of their dead. That opposition comes from the Christian priest and his ideas of what is sacred. Cultures around the world embrace death in different ways. Some mourn and fear death; others accept it and find hope when the time comes. Unfortunately not all of those cultures are able to be open to the idea that they could be wrong, or that different methods could lead to the same ends. The Christian church of coarse has a history of killing, burning, and condemning things that disagree with their ideologies. Even today we see extremists in many religions that fight wars over their beliefs. In this story a man had to fight with himself regarding the decision. He has to wrestle with the pleas of the priest and the idea that his culture taught him regarding death. He believed as his tribe did that the ritual would bring rain and new life to the crops. The battle between cultures moves on when the priest is actually asked to be a part of the ritual and bless the body. At this point the priest enters his own battle with the things that he was taught and the opposition that he faces. He had to decide what would be the Christian thing to do. When all these battle are over both men learn a little about each other’s world as the wind starts to come in, it is a wind of change. They wait to see if the storm will come to begin the circle of life anew. The Man to Send Rain Clouds Readers Reaction This was quite an interesting story. There were three sections to the story which broke the story in three different times in one day. The characters were all very nonchalant except for the priest who showed some emotion when he found out that old Teofilo died. The story kept our interest, however, it did not lead a very clear trail to the end, and there was no real climax where we felt there was a good peak. The story needs to be read more than once to really be appreciated. Plot Summary One ? Teofilo is at the sheep camp in the arroyo when he rests in the shade under a cotton tree and dies. ? After Teofilo missing for a few days, Leon and Ken come looking for him and find that he had been dead for a day or more, and the sheep had wandered and scattered up and down the arroyo. ? They gather the sheep and then come back to wrap Teofilo up in a red blanket. ? They paint his face with different colors and ask him to send them rain. ? On Leon and Kens way back into pueblow (town) they see Father Paul, who asked if they found their missing grandfather yet, and they tell him where they found him, but not that hes dead. Good Morning, father. We were just out to the sheep camp. Everything is o. k. now. Two ? Louise and Teresa are waiting for them to get back with any news about Teofilo. ? Leon tells the girls that they found Teofilo died near a cottonwood tree in the big arroyo near sheep camp. ? Leon and Ken carry in red blanket with teofilos body, dress him in new clothes to be buried in. ? After a quiet lunch, Ken went to see when the gravediggers could have the grave ready, I think it can be ready before dark. ? Neighbors and clans people come by their house to console Teofilos family and leave food for the gravediggers. Three ? After the funeral, Louise tells her brother Leon that she wants the priest to sprinkle holy water for grandpa. So he wont be thirsty. ? Leon gets in the truck Burial Rituals of Native American Culture At some point in our lives, we all come to realize that death is a part of life. Cultural diversity provides a wide variety of lifestyles and traditions for each of the unique groups of people in our world. Within these different cultures, the rituals associated with death and burial can also be uniquely diverse. Many consider ritualistic traditions that differ from their own to be somewhat strange and often perceive them as unnatural. A prime example would be the burial rituals of the Native American people. Leslie Marmon Silko’s story entitled The Man to Send Rain Clouds describes a funeral service carried out by a Native American Pueblo family. Though many perceive the funeral service narrated in this story to be lacking in emotion and also lacking respect for the passing of their loved one, it portrays a ceremony that is quite common for the Native American communities. There is also a hint of conflict occurring between the characters in the story that are carrying out their traditions while including an outside religious figure in the ceremony. The death of an old man sets the stage for this story and tells of the way his family goes about preparing him for his journey into the afterlife. A feather is tied into the old man’s hair, his face was painted with blue, yellow, green and white paint, pinches of corn meal and pollen were tossed into the wind and finally his body was wrapped in a red blanket prior to being transported. According to Releasing the Spirit: A Lesson in Native American Funeral Rituals by Gary F. Santillanes, â€Å"Pueblo Indians care for their own dead with no funeral director involved. The family will take the deceased, usually in their truck, back to the home of the deceased and place him or her on the floor facing east to west, on a native blanket. Depending on the deceaseds stature in the tribe, his face may be painted in the traditional nature. A powdery substance is placed AK English 217 – Reading Journal (The Way To Rainy Mountain) Scott Momaday uses nature to dictate the passage of life. He personifies the landscape as a person, he says the there is ‘perfect in the mountains but it belongs to the eagle and the elk, the badger and the bear. ’ To me, this tells me the mountains have a feeling of openness, but it is the home of many – not just humans. The mountain holds importance to the Kiowa’s because it is pure wilderness. The landscape that is described helps the reader recognize what the Kiowa’s were thinking upon reaching rainy mountain. The beautiful sights of the land made the Kiowa’s recognize a new passage of life. Their curiosity of the land’s landscape created legends in their tribe. The legends helped them escape through the wilderness by becoming part of it – through kinsmen in the sky and a boy turned into a bear at Devil’s Tower. Momaday describes the curiosity of the wilderness throughout the landscape. In order to build the larger idea of the tribe, the curiosity makes the landscape act as a character. The writer, Scott Momaday, describes the grandmother through details of her life. My favorite line was at the end when he wrote, â€Å"There, we it ought to be at the end of a long and legendary way, was my grandmother’sgrave. † This line sums up her entire life in a single sentence. She lived a long life and saw many things, her life was filled of legends that the tribe created. She had a reverence for the sun because she saw the Sun Dances when she was younger. In 1887, the grandmother was at the last sun dance; she bore a vision of deicide without any bitterness. At an old age, she began praying frequently. Momaday could not understand what she was saying but describes the tone of her voice as ‘sad in sound, some merest hesitation upon the syllables of sorrow. ’ No matter what the language, people inherently understand the sounds of sadness. It really brought the grandmother to life. Then finally, at the end, he Many Americans today believe that all students –no matter what race or ethnicity- have an easy path with our education and that all students are able to get a higher education without any problems. Yet this belief is not true for all students. However it’s a whole different story for the working class students. The working class student that goes for a higher education in life, in search for a better life and, a brighter future are faced with many obstacles and challenges on their path to achieve their goals and dreams. The working class students are put with many different challenges. As they the working class students goes forward with their education, there maybe people that will try to put them down in many forms. But you should know that you will survive and at the end you be a stronger, prepare student with the tools to overcome any obstacles in life. In the article â€Å"Indian Education† by Sherman Alexie, we read how being working class students we have obstacles to overcome. Some of this obstacles come from the people we less expected just like the example in Alexie Sherman Article â€Å"Indian Education†, how his own second grade teacher Miss Betty Towle try to put him down as many times as possible. She the teacher tries to put him down for being Indian, and for having working class parents. The Teacher Miss. Betty seems to not care for Alexie at all. The teacher ask Alexie to give a letter to his parents in which she ask for his parents to come to school so that they could have a conversation on what she calls his bad behavior in class. The teacher seems to not want to talk about his bad behavior. Instead, she wanted to insult Alexie in front of his parents by calling him Indian without any compassion or respect. â€Å"Indians, indians, indians, she said it without capitalization, she called me Indian, indian, Indian† (p. 1). Base on this citation we see that the teacher was trying to put him down for being Indian and for having parents that weren’t educated. By

Effect of Free Trade on a Countrys Economy

Effect of Free Trade on a Countrys Economy Table of contents 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Free trade does add wealth to the economy 2.1 Analysis 2.1.1 Advantages 2.1.2 Disadvantages 2.2 Evaluation 3.0 Conclusion 4.0 Recommendation 4.1 Greater Competitiveness 4.1.1 Cannot ignore trade protection policy 4.1.2 Adverse Working Conditions 5.0 Appendix 6.0 Reference 1.0 Introduction This report aimed to discuss the effect of free trade for the country’s economy, so free trade is a system in which goods, capital, and work flow freely between nations, without barriers which could delay the trade process. Actually, many nations have free trade agreements, and some international organization promotes free trade between their members. Because of free trade provide lower prices for goods and services by promoting. However, there are a number of quarrels both for and against this practice, from a variety of economists, politicians, industries, and social scientists. According to Tom Chmielewski (2014), a lot of economists approve NAFTA has caused some general enhancement in US jobs, but with bad effects. Free trade can cause disorder in parts of a national economy, for instance long-established industrial slices already in a weak position to global competition. Besides that according to Edward Alden, a researcher at CFR, wages have not kept pace with output of w ork, and income unfairness, and these phenomena indicate that trends speeded to some range of free trade. Due to this information, this report will research the relationship between free trade and economy, and find out the economic impact of the free trade. 2.0 Free trade does add wealth to the economy Free trade promotes innovation and competition. Free trade is a kind of really fair trade because it offers customers the most choices and the best chances to improve the standard of living. Free trade fosters competition, spurring companies to introduce and develop better products and to take more of their goods and services to market, keeping costs low and quality high in order to retain or increase their market share. By fostering opportunities for the country businesses, free trade rewards risk taking by increasing gross revenue, profit margins, and market share. The companies can opt to build on those profits by spreading out their operations, putting down new market sectors, and creating better paying occupations. Free trade, reinforced by the dominion of law, removes such incentives for corruption by spurring economic growth, increasing the number of better paying jobs, and finally increasing the level of prosperity. Free trade policies can also attract Higher Foreign Investme nts, free markets encourage more investment in the land. Foreign directed investment goes to where capital is needed, improving productivity and driving increase in many nations. However, for the economic, nowadays the most important feature is economic globalization. Economic globalization can be determined as the procedure by which markets and output in different nations are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the Dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology. The acceleration of free trade can bring down the tariffs and eliminate discriminatory treatment in international trade. Developing countries open up many types of free economic zones in ports and traffic areas in order to build up the economy and promote its exports. For example Shanghai free trade zone, NAFTA. 2.1 Analysis From a worldwide perspective, free trade certainly increases the overall amount of wealth in the economy. By getting rid of barriers to trade, governments encourage members of the economy system to specify in performing whatever they perform best and then trading to fulfill their desires and demands. When trade is efficient, a firm can concentrate its production ability completely on the country in which it holds a relative advantage. Free trade can put manufacturing nations such as the United States at a disadvantage relative to less developed countries. Businesses in the United States are heavily limited by health, confinement, and environmental rules. This often makes production in less developed nations less expensive than production in the US. There is no doubt that everything has two positions. For these problems, I have done some research to obtain a figure of advantages and disadvantages: 2.1.1 Advantages 1. Internal influences: a. Customer Satisfaction Because free trade leads to a global marketplaces, customers benefit from the competition and diversity brought to the marketplaces. When other countries produce some goods cheaper, the customers will want to choose the others products. Another advantages to customers is increased improvements. For a free trade expands, at the same time, the competition also expands. In order to keep competitive, companies must find a lot of ways to create the relative benefit. So this contributes to increased improvement that improves products. b. Regional economic growth and employment Due to free trade may cause employees in any special area that make them feel strangeness, but works in the exporting and importing sides will be improved by them. When productivity increases in importing and exporting, salaries also incline to rise. c. Foreign Exchange Gains and Decreased Poverty When a country purchases some products from another country use money, they basically send the exporting country non-interest-bearing IOUs in exchange for real items. So the exporting country must utilize the money within the state that imported the products. For instance, the United States purchases steel from China use US dollar at the current market value. In addition, after they purchase items that China will also utilize the US dollar to purchase computer systems from the United States at the future market value. In a word, States that open their trade environment to permit free trade have the chance to enter the worldwide securities industry, which will increase income for the country. In the 1990s, developing countries that lifted trade restrictions tended to raise three times faster than countries that restricted trade. 2. External influences: During the international direction of value principle, free trade can excite international competition and boost the development. Free trade also has promoted the international division of labor and the development of trade. And increasing the international market is one of the advantages. Besides that it makes some countries which have the advantage of investment environments easy to grip foreign capital. For example, In 2004 China began to reduce tariffs for more than 500 kinds of products. An agriculture company harvested trade reached $ 1,020,000, increasing 38%. Its growth is higher than 2003. Vegetable exported $ 450,000, an increase of 31.8%, fruits $ 230,000, an increase of 25.4%, aquatic $ 180,000, an increase of 59.1%. Since the adoption of free trade, corporate profits and employee income growth. 2.1.2 Disadvantages 1. Economic Dependence Free trade increases the economic dependence on other countries for some necessary products such as food, clothes, raw materials, etc. So dependence shows harmful, mostly during wartime. 2. International Monopolies: Free trade may lead to international monopolies. It promotes the formation of transnational corporations. These corporations tend to gain a monopoly situation and therefore harm the interest of the citizenry. 3. Harmful to Less Developed Countries: a. Competition under free trade sometimes is unfair. Because the fewer developed countries are very difficult to get advances on the developing countries. b. Under free trade, gains of trade are unfair distributed relying on the level of development of different nations. The relationship of trade are friendly for the developed countries, and unfavorable for the poor countries. For example: Free trade policy accepted by the British government in India led to the end of Indian cottage and small scale manufactures. 2.2 Evaluation From the above, it can be seen that free trade is a kind of â€Å"more good than harm† economic ways. Free trade is intended to cancel unfair barriers to global business and promote the economy system in developed and developing countries the same and significantly alters the business relationship between nations, many of the changes are beneficial. These advantages can positively stimulate economies. 3.0 Conclusion Free trade is all important to a developing economy. It opens up huge markets. Resources flow to where they are the most rich. Productivity is enlarged, and more competition equally to lower prices. In addition, higher savings are a consequence, and the poor and all others have larger income, and thus the economy turns. Investment can be blown up with growing revenues and competition. However, for low income economies such as Vietnam have a huge bonus, higher needs for works equally to higher salaries and employment. In total, it improves the salaries of employees, improves employment and economy, and creates peace. 4.0 Recommendation Developing countries should pay attention to the impact of free trade: 4.1 Greater Competitiveness Free trade means that national economies are exposed to higher market competition, which local firms must learn to adjust to. 4.1.1 Cannot ignore trade protection policy Developing countries cannot give up economic intervention due to trade liberalization. Moderate free protection policy can let developing countries obtain better effects in some infant industry 4.1.2 Adverse Working Conditions For weak countries try to cut costs to get a price advantage, many workers in these countries have low wages, deficient working conditions and even forced labor and use child labor and insulting them. 5.0 Appendix Appendix 1: The major world trading powers Source: http://europa.eu/pol/pdf/flipbook/en/trade_en.pdf. Appendix 2: The EU’s biggest trade partners: goods Trade and investment flow spread new ideas and innovation, Benefits for the trade include lower prices and greater choice for consumers, as imported food, consumer goods and components for products manufactured in Europe become cheaper 6.0 Reference http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/free-trade.asp http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-effects-trade-5221.html http://economyincrisis.org/content/managing-foreign-trade-does-trade-create-wealth-nation http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2012/11/15/in-an-increasingly-globalized-economy-free-trade-is-more-important-than-ever/ http://smallbusiness.chron.com/explanation-trade-advantages-3843.html http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-effects-trade-5221.html http://www.theaustralian.com.au/higher-education/free-trade-in-ideas-will-generate-wealth-for-all/story-e6frgcjx-1226062159428 http://www.ehow.com/list_6733682_effects-trade-developing-nations.html Level 1 Asia Pacific University 1

Sociology and Globalisation Essay -- Sociology Essays

Many historians and sociologists have identified a transformation in the economic processes of the world and society in recent times. There has been an extensive increase in developments in technology and the economy as a whole in the twentieth century. Globalization has been recognized as a new age in which the world has developed into what Giddens identifies to be a â€Å"single social system† (Anthony Giddens: 1993 ‘Sociology’ pg 528), due to the rise of interdependence of various countries on one another, therefore affecting practically everyone within society. In this essay I will give a detailed explanation of what sociologists mean by the term ‘globalisation’ and how they have tried to explain it. Globalisation can be construed in many ways. Many sociologists describe it as an era in which national sovereignty is disappearing as a result of a technological revolution, causing space and time to be virtually irrelevant. It is an economic revolution, which Roland Robertson refers to in his book ‘Globalisation’ 1992 pg 8, as â€Å"the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole†. It is argued that globalisation allows the world to become increasingly more united, with people more conscious of ethnic, societal, civilizational and individual aspects of their lives. When exploring the topic of globalisation, sociologists have categorised the term into three components, economic, political and cultural globalisation. They have done this in order explain what it means. I have aimed within this essay to explain all three types of globalisation in order to answer the essay question. I intend to concentrate mainly on the economic an... ...e† them (Marsh, ‘Making Sense of Society’, 2000 pg 487). What we can understand on the whole, is what sociologists mean by the term globalisation is that it is a profound, dynamic process which is affecting the world immensely. It seems from what I have examined so far about globalisation that there may come a time eventually, when a world government comes into existence, where international inequalities will always remain and where social conflict will always be active. This is because the policies that drive the globalisation process are largely focussed on the needs of business. Globalisation is a continuing process which needs to be managed wisely. It is a crucial development which has and always will cause significant social changes within society and the world as a whole.

Hamptonshire Express

Arjun R. Sabhaya Production 529 Hamptonshire Express October 16, 2012 PROBLEM #1 A. The simulated function given in the Excel spreadsheet â€Å"Hamptonshire Express: Problem_#1† allows the user to find the optimal quantity of newspapers to be stocked at the newly formed Hamptonshire Express Daily Newspaper. Anna Sheen estimated the daily demand of newspapers to be on a normal standard distribution; stating that daily demand will have a mean of 500 newspapers per day with a standard deviation of 100 newspapers per day.Using the function provided, the optimal stocking quantity, which maximizes expected profit, is determined to be approximately 584 newspapers. If 584 newspapers were to be ordered, Hamptonshire Express will net an expected profit of $331. 436 per day with an expected fill rate of 98%. Any inventory ordered above 584 will produce a loss of profit due to stocking inventory over expected demand causing an imbalance between the gains and losses due to the respective o verage and underage costs. The table below outlines the optimal amount of daily expected profit.Profits rise until the 584 newspaper mark; any potential increase in quantity stocked will decrease daily expected profit for every newspaper ordered above 584. Stocking Quantity| Daily Expected Profit| 575 newspapers| 331. 323| 576 newspapers| 331. 347| 577 newspapers| 331. 369| 578 newspapers| 331. 387| 579 newspapers| 331. 403| 580 newspapers| 331. 415| 581 newspapers| 331. 425| 582 newspapers| 331. 431| 583 newspapers| 331. 435| 584 newspapers| 331. 436| 585 newspapers| 331. 435| 586 newspapers| 331. 430| 587 newspapers| 331. 423| 588 newspapers| 331. 413| 89 newspapers| 331. 400| 590 newspapers| 331. 385| Calculations: Cr=cu/cu+co where Cr= critical ratio. Cu=1-0. 2=. 8 Co=0. 2 Therefore, Cr= . 8/. 8+. 2=. 8 which is equal to . 84 (z value) on the standard normal distribution function table. To find the optimal stocking quantity that maximizes expected profit, we will use mean and st andard deviation in formula shown: Q=mean +z*(SD): 500+. 84*100=584. B. Using the Newsvendor Formula given, Q=? +? -1(Cu/Cu+Co )? , where: Q=optimal quantity ?= mean of expected demand ?= standard distribution of expected demand -1= the inverse of the standard normal distribution function Cu= underage costs (Sale price – cost), or ($1. 00-$0. 20) Co= overage costs (cost – salvage value), or ($0. 20 – $0), We can estimate the optimal stock quantity. The values allow us to input the z statistic, and the overage/underage costs in the given equation to derive the equation and answer shown below. The output of the Newsvendor equation, while different than the excel function (due to rounding error), is consistent with the optimal stocking quantity found by the Excel model. Q= 500+ (. 8601)-1*(. 80/. 80 + . 20) * 100 = 593. 1244 PROBLEM #2 A. The given simulation model in the Excel spreadsheet â€Å"Hamptonshire Express: Problem_#2† allows the user to find the o ptimal number of hours per day to be invested into creating the profile section to maximize expected profits for the Hamptonshire Express Daily Newspaper. Looking at the table below, Anna can spend 4 hours, where (H=4), Hours Spent (H)| Optimal Expected Profit| 2. 00| $367. 91| 2. 25| $368. 84| 2. 50| $369. 58| 2. 75| $370. 17| 3. 00| $370. 61| 3. 25| $370. 94| 3. 50| $371. 16| 3. 75| $371. 29| 4. 00| $371. 33| 4. 25| $371. 29| 4. 50| $371. 18| 4. 75| $371. 01| 5. 0| $370. 77| B. Anna Sheen’s choice of effort is at the point where the marginal cost of spending the extra time to develop the profile section = marginal benefit of spending the extra time to develop the profile section; or the point where profit is maximized. If she spends the extra time to develop the profile section past where marginal cost = marginal benefit, she won’t be able to create enough demand for her newspaper, but if she spends less time than where marginal cost = marginal benefit, she wonâ€⠄¢t have a quality newspaper and misses out on additional sales, which leads to increased profits.To find the optimal profit level, you would set $10 = to the marginal benefit, or: $10= ((0. 8 *50) / (2h)) and solve for H which = 4 hours. C. Using a table to compare the difference between problem #1 and problem #2, respectively, we can see the obvious differences between the optimal stocking quantity and daily expected profit figures. | Stocking Quantity| Daily Expected Profit| 1| 584| 331. 44| 2| 685| 371. 33| The stocking quantity and expected profits are higher in the second scenario because of the extra time spent to improve the quality of profile section.By spending the extra time to improve the profile section, Anna Sheen increased the overall quality of her newspaper, which will, most likely, lead to an increased probability of demand for her newspaper around the area. This increased demand will raise Anna Sheen’s stocking quantity and the daily expected profits that a re associated with that individual stocking quantity. Problem #3 A. Assuming the number of hours Anna Sheen will spend developing the profile section will = 4; Ralph Armentrout’s optimal stocking quantity is 516, as portrayed in the table below: Stocking Quantity| Daily Expected Profit| 513| 62. 131| 14| 62. 139| 515| 62. 143| 516| 62. 145| 517| 62. 144| 518| 62. 140| 519| 62. 133| 520| 62. 124| B. Ralph Armentrout’s optimal stocking quantity is less than Anna Sheen’s in Problem #2 due to the retailing extension of the supply chain. Armentrout’s overage cost ($0. 80; as he purchases them from Sheen minus $0 of salvage value) is higher than his underage cost ($0. 20; $1 sale price minus $0. 80 purchasing cost). Due to this, Armentrout has less room than Sheen for a profit margin making it a higher risk for him to carry a greater amount of inventory, which ultimately affects the fill rate of the supply chain.C. The optimal time spent to improve the quality of the profile section is determined by the table below: The profit Sheen will stand to make in the combined supply chain is optimal at 2. 25 hours spent per day. Sheen’s profit rises with each 15 minute interval until 2 hours and 15 minutes is reached. The marginal benefit, from the additional time spent to improve the paper, will increase expected demand of newspaper, however, if too much time is spent, the marginal costs, associated with the additional time, will outweigh the associated marginal benefits.Expected demand is more resistant to high levels of time spent, basically, Sheen is hurting profits above 2. 25 hours spent per day on improvements. Sheen’s optimal amount of hours spent is lower, in this differentiated channel, as compared to Problem #2, due to Sheen’s lower marginal benefit being received due to the split supply chain. It wouldn’t make sense for Sheen to spend more time to improve her newspaper if she has to split a percentage of the profits with Armentrout. Due to this, she will put less effort in and get more expectation of demand.D. Transfer P| Stocking Q| Profit| Ralph’s P| Anna’s P| Anna’s E| Fill Rate| . 70| 510| 333| 104| 229. 38| 1. 563| 89%| .75| 501| 327| 81| 246. 64| 1. 891| 87%| .79| 493| 321| 62| 259. 11| 2. 176| 86%| .80| 491| 319| 57| 262. 10| 2. 25| 85%| .81| 488| 317| 53| 264. 42| 2. 326| 85%| .85| 478| 308| 34| 274. 29| 2. 641| 83%| .90| 459| 292| 11| 280. 68| 3. 063| 79%| If the transfer price, from Sheen to Armentrout, would decrease, Armentrout would ultimately gain a larger marginal benefit out of the purchasing deal with Sheen.Due to the increase of Armentrout’s profit margin, he would tend to stock more newspapers, which would increase the supply chain’s fill rate. However, this, in turn, would cause Sheen’s profits, from the deal, to decrease and would ultimately lower her motivation to improve the newspaper, which leads to a decrease in expecte d demand and loss of potential profits. E. Efforts and stocking levels will be lower in a differentiated channel than in an integrated firm due to the multiple entities that are present in the supply chain.The multiple retailing and manufacturing entities, in the supply chain, allow the profits to be split by percentage rather than totaled to one firm who does both functions. Problem #4 A. The optimal stocking quantity for Armentrout, in this scenario, was determined to be 409 newspapers as shown by the table below: The optimal stocking quantity is lower at 409, in this scenario, as compared to 516 in Problem #3a. The optimal stocking quantity is lower, because Armentrout has an alternative to The Express with Ralph’s Private Eye.B. The stocking quantity mainly differs from Problem #1, #2, and #3, because Armentrout underage costs have decreased, in this scenario, due to the consumer’s alternative to purchase Private when Express has a stock out to consumers. However, there are major differences that one should consider. The first two problems use an integrated point of view, as related to the supply chain, which allows for a higher optimal stocking quantity. On the other hand, Problems 3 and 4 use a differentiated channel.However, In Problem 3, while Armentrout tried to keep risk low by ordering a lower optimal stocking quantity, which was fueled by his low expected margins (due to his imbalanced underage and overage costs), Armentrout’s optimal stocking quantity changes when Private is introduced into the mix. In Problem 4, Armentrout makes more profit on Private, but there is a lower expectation of demand for Private. Due to this, he must still stock Express to maximize profits. To demonstrate this phenomenon, which will ultimately decrease optimal stocking quantity, the new overage cost would have to be set. In the Problem 4 scenario, Co= $0. 0 – 40% * $0. 40 = $0. 16. The Newsvendor model will also allow one to arrive at these conclusions. C. Armentrout’s overage cost would increase by $. 03 to $. 83, while his underage costs would be $. 01. (New Express profit; $. 17 – New Private profit; $. 16) The imbalance would reduce the critical ratio, which would lead to a reduction of the optimal stocking quantity to a decently lower amount. Problem #5 A. The buy-back price initiative allows Sheen to drop Armentrout’s overage costs, which leads to an increase in his optimal stocking quantity and a win-win situation for Sheen and Armentrout.If Sheen would set the buy-back price at $. 75, this would maximize the total supply chain’s profits as shown in the table below. At $. 75, Armentrout’s optimal stocking quantity would be 659 newspapers. B. The combination of buy-back price and transfer price is roughly $1. 02 and $1. 025, respectively, as shown in the table below. The optimal level of expected profit is maximized when Sheen, the manufacturer, in this scenario, has a high expe cted profit margin, while Armentrout, the retailer, has a negative expected profit.Armentrout is basically a non-factor in this supply chain and allows this scenario to act as one integrated chain although technically it is differentiated. C. The fixed franchise fee would not be factored into Armentrout’s overage and underage costs, so it wouldn’t have an effect on his stocking decisions. If Sheen were able to impose a franchise fee to Armentrout, however, she would not have a reason to sell newspapers at all, since her profits would be coming from franchising rather than newspaper sales.Problem #6 A. The â€Å"VMI† plan would allow Sheen to be able to establish the optimal levels of effort and allow her to set the optimal stocking quantity in relation to her maximizing the difference between her marginal benefits and her marginal costs; basically she is in control of the stocking decision rights of the Express to maximize total profits. Since she has control ov er stocking quantity, Armentrout could not make much of a profit using a differentiated supply chain model.However, due to proposed slotting allowance, Armentrout has the ability to make more of a profit than he would have battling against Sheen for stocking rights of the Express, if he would go for more of an integrated model and allow Sheen to control the Express. B. Since Armentrout would not care about sales directly (due to him collecting a slotting fee regardless of a sale or not), under the VMI plan versus the differentiated model, Armentrout might lose potential sales he might have gotten if he had a say in the daily stocking quantity of the Express.If Armentrout had the chance to make a potential profit off of the consumers, he might try harder to pay attention to demand. Because of this reality of manufacturer versus retailer, Sheen might not understand the local demand of the area as well as Armentrout, due to him being the â€Å"ground level retailer† and witnessi ng the subtle changes in daily demand.

The Importance of Environmental Protection & Practical Steps to Support It

Since the second half of the 20th century, the results of environmental destruction and the exploitation of natural resources have become increasingly obvious. Now, 7 billion people are sharing this planet, and scientists predict that the population will increase to 10 billion people in this century. However, we already face difficulties with dwindling natural resources and environmental pollution. There is growing evidence that some natural disasters are due to our behavior. We already face tremendous changes caused by carbon emissions and deforestation.Glaciers are melting, and sea levels rise continuously. Our hunger for more gas, oil and water even induced earthquakes. These 1 are enough experiences to wake us up! Environmental protection H. H. the 14th Dalai Lama (the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhists) and H. H. the 17th Karmapa Urgyen Trinley Dorje (the spiritual guide of the Tibetan Kagyu tradition)are strong advocates for environmental protection. Vietnamese Master Thich Nhat Hanh is also very active in this regard, only to mention a few spiritual leaders who are engaged in environmental protection. H. H.the Dalai Lama mentioned at the Environmental Summit in Portland in May 2013 that his strong commitment to environmental protection started more than 20 years ago. In 1992 the Dalai Lama attended the first environmental conference in Rio de Janeiro and spoke about his views on universal responsibility. One year later, he was invited to an international conference, â€Å"Ecological Responsibility –a Dialogue with Buddhism† in New Delhi, India. Prominent Buddhist teachers and scientists attended this conference. As a result they published a public appeal entitled, â€Å"For Our Universal Responsibility.† Many talks and articles by H. H. the DalaiLama about this topic followedand are now published in 2 diverse media worldwide. These can be found on his homepage. H. H. the Karmapa has spoken for a number of years on the importance o f protecting the environment for the future of this world and for the Dharma. He says, â€Å"Ever since the human race first appeared on this earth, we have used this earth heavily. It is said that ninety-nine percent of the resources and so on in this world come from the natural environment. We are using the earth until she is used up.The earth has given us immeasurable benefit, but what have we done for the earth in return? We always ask for something from the earth, but never give her anything back. â€Å"3 Sentient beings are totally dependent on the four elements of earth, fire, wind and water. H. H. the Karmapa says, â€Å"Both the bodyand mind are strongly connected to the unaltered, natural elements. â€Å"4We only can survive because nature and other sentient beings make our lives possible. Therefore, we need to strive to bring this awareness into our lives for our own good. We need to educate each other about the importance of protecting and caring for our environment. Practical Steps Towardsa Healthy Relationship with the Environment H. H. the Karmapa’s vision is supported by an association called â€Å"Khoryug,† which means â€Å"environment† in Tibetan. Formed by Tibetan monasteries in the Kagyu tradition, the association promotes environmental projects under the Karmapa's leadership. A bilingual homepage in English and Tibetan has been established to provide information on these projects. In 2009, the Karmapa organized the first conference for environmental protection for Kagyu monasteries and Dharmacenters in Sarnath, India.As a result of this conference, he published a booklet entitled, â€Å"108 Things You Can Do To Help The Environment. † You can download thisbooklet, whichis inspiring and helpful not only for monasteries and Buddhist centers, but also forBuddhist practitioners and non-Buddhists worldwide. I’d like to mention some things you will find in this booklet about what we can do to protect our en vironment from destruction: Environmental protection starts with us. We need to look at our own behavior to consider how we can support a healthy environment for this century and beyond. To start, we can do aspirational